EFFECTIVENESS OF WALKING EXERCISE ON HBA1C AND BMI OF DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

  • Nurul Fitri Faculty of Nursing, Airlangga University
  • Yulis Setiya Dewi Faculty of Nursing, Airlangga University
  • Ira Suarilah Faculty of Nursing, Airlangga University
  • Cahyaningsih Efendi Faculty of Nursing, Airlangga University
  • Syahrul Abdul Yazid Faculty of Nursing, Airlangga University
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36720/nhjk.v13i2.672
Keywords: HbA1c, BMI, Type 2 Diabetes, Walking Exercise

Abstract

Background : Survey data shows that there are 51.9% of DM sufferers who do not exercise as an alternative to controlling diabetes. Walking exercise has been demonstrated to have an impact on BMI and HbA1c in one trial, but only in people with prediabetes. Objective: Analyzed the results of primary research regarding the effectiveness of walking exercise in controlling the HbA1c and body mass index (BMI). Methods: Design of this study was a systematic review. Data sources of this article was from 4 databases (Scopus, EBSCO, Proquest and Pubmed). Search for articles for the last 10 years, Mar 2015- Mar 2024. The research method used PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Article selection used the PICO framework. Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) is used to search for keywords. The quality assessment of an article is assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) format. Results: Walking exercise has a positive effect on HbA1c and BMI. Four of the eight articles showed a significant effect of walking exercise on reducing HbA1c. Three of the 7 articles showed a significant effect of walking exercise on reducing BMI. Conclusion: Walking exercise is a type of physical exercise that is considered to have a positive effect on body health for both diabetics and non-diabetics. Walking exercise can improve the metabolic status of diabetes sufferers by reducing blood glucose levels, HbA1c and BMI.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abd El-Kader, S. M., Al-Jiffri, O. H., & Al-Shreef, F. M. (2016). Aerobic exercises alleviate symptoms of fatigue related to inflammatory cytokines in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. African Health Sciences, 15(4), 1142. https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v15i4.13 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v15i4.13

Abd El-Kader, S. M., Saiem-Aldahr, M. H., & Al-Jiffri, O. H. (2017). Aerobic exercise training modulates biochemical parameters in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic hepatitis C. Electronic Journal of General Medicine, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/81881 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/81881

Asfaw, M. S., & Dagne, W. K. (2022). Physical activity can improve diabetes patients’ glucose control; A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon, 8(12), e12267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12267 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12267

Bellia, A., Iellamo, F., De Carli, E., Andreadi, A., Padua, E., Lombardo, M., Annino, G., Campoli, F., Tartaglione, S., D’Ottavio, S., Della-Morte, D., & Lauro, D. (2017). Exercise individualized by TRIMPi method reduces arterial stiffness in early onset type 2 diabetic patients: A randomized controlled trial with aerobic interval training. International Journal of Cardiology, 248, 314–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.06.065 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.06.065

Bird, S. R., & Hawley, J. A. (2017). Update on the effects of physical activity on insulin sensitivity in humans. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 2(1), e000143. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2016-000143 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2016-000143

Brown, D. (2020). A Review of the PubMed PICO Tool: Using Evidence-Based Practice in Health Education. Health Promotion Practice, 21(4), 496–498. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839919893361 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839919893361

Colberg, S. R., Sigal, R. J., Yardley, J. E., Riddell, M. C., Dunstan, D. W., Dempsey, P. C., Horton, E. S., Castorino, K., & Tate, D. F. (2016). Physical Activity/Exercise and Diabetes: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care, 39(11), 2065–2079. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-1728 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-1728

Dhali, B., Chatterjee, S., Das, S. S., & D Cruz, M. (2023). Effect of Yoga and Walking on Glycemic Control for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies, 38(2), 113–122. https://doi.org/10.15605/jafes.038.02.20 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15605/jafes.038.02.20

El Haddad, L., Peiris, C. L., Taylor, N. F., & McLean, S. (2023). Determinants of Non-Adherence to Exercise or Physical Activity in People with Metabolic Syndrome: A Mixed Methods Review. Patient Preference and Adherence, 17, 311–329. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S383482 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S383482

Fayehun, A. F., Olowookere, O. O., Ogunbode, A. M., Adetunji, A. A., & Esan, A. (2018). Walking prescription of 10 000 steps per day in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomised trial in Nigerian general practice. British Journal of General Practice, 68(667), e139–e145. https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp18X694613 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp18X694613

Ganiyu, A. B., Mabuza, L. H., Malete, N. H., Govender, I., & Ogunbanjo, G. A. (2013). Non-adherence to diet and exercise recommendations amongst patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending Extension II Clinic in Botswana. African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v5i1.457 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v5i1.457

Gao, S., Tang, J., Yi, G., Li, Z., Chen, Z., Yu, L., Zheng, F., Hu, Y., & Tang, Z. (2021). The Therapeutic Effects of Mild to Moderate Intensity Aerobic Exercise on Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. Diabetes Therapy, 12(10), 2767–2781. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-021-01149-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-021-01149-0

Gholami, F., Nikookheslat, S., Salekzamani, Y., Boule, N., & Jafari, A. (2018). Effect of aerobic training on nerve conduction in men with type 2 diabetes and peripheral neuropathy: A randomized controlled trial. Neurophysiologie Clinique, 48(4), 195–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2018.03.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2018.03.001

Grace, A., Chan, E., Giallauria, F., Graham, P. L., & Smart, N. A. (2017). Clinical outcomes and glycaemic responses to different aerobic exercise training intensities in type II diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 16(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-017-0518-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-017-0518-6

Harvard. (2023). The 4 most important types of exercise. https://www.health.harvard.edu/exercise-and-fitness/the-4-most-important-types-of-exercise

IDF. (2021). IDF Diabetes Atlas. https://www.diabetesatlas.org/data/en/world/

Jiang, Y., Tan, S., Wang, Z., Guo, Z., Li, Q., & Wang, J. (2020). Aerobic exercise training at maximal fat oxidation intensity improves body composition, glycemic control, and physical capacity in older people with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 18(1), 7–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2019.08.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2019.08.003

Karstoft, K., Clark, M. A., Jakobsen, I., Müller, I. A., Pedersen, B. K., Solomon, T. P. J., & Ried-Larsen, M. (2017). The effects of 2 weeks of interval vs continuous walking training on glycaemic control and whole-body oxidative stress in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a controlled, randomised, crossover trial. Diabetologia, 60(3), 508–517. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-016-4170-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-016-4170-6

Kirwan, J. P., Sacks, J., & Nieuwoudt, S. (2017). The essential role of exercise in the management of type 2 diabetes. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 84(7 suppl 1), S15–S21. https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.84.s1.03 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.84.s1.03

Lee, H. S., & Lee, J. (2021). Effects of Exercise Interventions on Weight, Body Mass Index, Lean Body Mass and Accumulated Visceral Fat in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 2635. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052635 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052635

Leischik, R., Schwarz, K., Bank, P., Brzek, A., Dworrak, B., Strauss, M., Litwitz, H., & Gerlach, C. E. (2021). Exercise Improves Cognitive Function—A Randomized Trial on the Effects of Physical Activity on Cognition in Type 2 Diabetes Patients. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 11(6), 530. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11060530 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11060530

Melam, G. R., Alhusaini, A. A., Buragadda, S., Kaur, T., & Khan, I. A. (2016). Impact of brisk walking and aerobics in overweight women. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 28(1), 293–297. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.28.293 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.28.293

Moghetti, P., Balducci, S., Guidetti, L., Mazzuca, P., Rossi, E., & Schena, F. (2020). Walking for subjects with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and joint AMD/SID/SISMES evidence-based practical guideline. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 30(11), 1882–1898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2020.08.021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2020.08.021

Motahari-Tabari, N., Ahmad Shirvani, M., Shirzad-e-Ahoodashty, M., Yousefi-Abdolmaleki, E., & Teimourzadeh, M. (2014). The Effect of 8 Weeks Aerobic Exercise on Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Global Journal of Health Science, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v7n1p115 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v7n1p115

Najafipour, F., Mobasseri, M., Yavari, A., Nadrian, H., Aliasgarzadeh, A., Mashinchi Abbasi, N., Niafar, M., Houshyar Gharamaleki, J., & Sadra, V. (2017). Effect of regular exercise training on changes in HbA1c, BMI and VO 2 max among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 8-year trial. BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care, 5(1), e000414. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2017-000414 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2017-000414

Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71

Perkeni. (2021). PEDOMAN PENGELOLAAN DAN PENCEGAHAN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 DEWASA DI INDONESIA-2021 PERKENI i Penerbit PB. PERKENI.

Petroni, M. L., Brodosi, L., Marchignoli, F., Sasdelli, A. S., Caraceni, P., Marchesini, G., & Ravaioli, F. (2021). Nutrition in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Present Knowledge and Remaining Challenges. Nutrients, 13(8), 2748. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082748 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082748

Phillips, V., & Barker, E. (2021). Systematic reviews: Structure, form and content. Journal of Perioperative Practice, 31(9), 349–353. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750458921994693 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1750458921994693

Qiu, S., Cai, X., Schumann, U., Velders, M., Sun, Z., & Steinacker, J. M. (2014). Impact of Walking on Glycemic Control and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE, 9(10), e109767. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0109767 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0109767

Richter, E. A., & Hargreaves, M. (2013). Exercise, GLUT4, and Skeletal Muscle Glucose Uptake. Physiological Reviews, 93(3), 993–1017. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00038.2012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00038.2012

Riskesdas. (2018). Laporan Riskesdas 2018 Nasional.

Saberipour, B., Gheibizadeh, M., Maraghi, E., & Moradi, L. (2020). Comparing the Effect of Walking and Yoga on Clinical and Laboratory Parameters in Men with Type II Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Jundishapur Journal of Chronic Disease Care, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.5812/jjcdc.99977 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5812/jjcdc.99977

Shah, S. Z. A., Karam, J. A., Zeb, A., Ullah, R., Shah, A., Haq, I. U., Ali, I., Darain, H., & Chen, H. (2021). Movement is Improvement: The Therapeutic Effects of Exercise and General Physical Activity on Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Diabetes Therapy, 12(3), 707–732. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-021-01005-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-021-01005-1

Sokolovska, J., Ostrovska, K., Pahirko, L., Varblane, G., Krilatiha, K., Cirulnieks, A., Folkmane, I., Pirags, V., Valeinis, J., Klavina, A., & Selavo, L. (2020). Impact of interval walking training managed through smart mobile devices on albuminuria and leptin/adiponectin ratio in patients with type 2 diabetes. Physiological Reports, 8(13). https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14506 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14506

Son, W.-H., Park, H.-T., Jeon, B. H., & Ha, M.-S. (2023). Moderate intensity walking exercises reduce the body mass index and vascular inflammatory factors in postmenopausal women with obesity: a randomized controlled trial. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 20172. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-47403-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-47403-2

Stoner, L., Rowlands, D., Morrison, A., Credeur, D., Hamlin, M., Gaffney, K., Lambrick, D., & Matheson, A. (2016). Efficacy of Exercise Intervention for Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Adolescents: Meta-Analysis and Implications. Sports Medicine, 46(11), 1737–1751. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0537-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0537-6

Vidanage, D., Prathapan, S., Hettiarachchi, P., & Wasalathanthri, S. (2022). Impact of aerobic exercises on taste perception for sucrose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus; A randomized controlled trial. BMC Endocrine Disorders, 22(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-022-00936-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-022-00936-5

Wake, A. D. (2020). Antidiabetic Effects of Physical Activity: How It Helps to Control Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, Volume 13, 2909–2923. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S262289 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S262289

Wang, Y., Li, H., Yang, D., Wang, M., Han, Y., & Wang, H. (2023). Effects of aerobic exercises in prediabetes patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1227489 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1227489

WHO. (2023). Diabets. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes

Yuliastuti, C., Setiadi, Astuti, N. M., & Rinarto, N. D. (2022). Walking as Simple Exercise to Reduce Blood Glucose Level in Type 2 Diabetes. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 18.

Yun, I., Joo, H. J., Park, Y. S., & Park, E.-C. (2022). Association between Physical Exercise and Glycated Hemoglobin Levels in Korean Patients Diagnosed with Diabetes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(6), 3280. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063280 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063280

Published
2024-12-17
How to Cite
Fitri, N., Dewi, Y. S., Suarilah, I., Efendi, C., & Yazid, S. A. (2024). EFFECTIVENESS OF WALKING EXERCISE ON HBA1C AND BMI OF DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. Nurse and Health: Jurnal Keperawatan, 13(2), 394-408. https://doi.org/10.36720/nhjk.v13i2.672
Issue
Vol 13 No 2 (2024): Nurse and Health: Jurnal Keperawatan
Section
Review Article

Copyright (c) 2024 Nurul Fitri, Yulis Setiya Dewi, Ira Suarilah, Cahyaningsih Efendi, Syahrul Abdul Yazid

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with Nurse and Health: Jurnal Keperawatan agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 (CC BY-NC 4.0), which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the authors' work non-commercially, and although the others' new works must also acknowledge the authors and be non-commercial, they don't have to license their derivative works on the same terms.
  2. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access). Authors can archive pre-print and post-print or publisher's version/PDF.
Abstract viewed = 27 times
PDF downloaded = 19 times iThenticate downloaded = 0 times